Early implant loading is very important for reducing the duration of missing teeth in human patients. The laminin-derived peptide, DLTIDDSYWYRI motif (Ln2-P3), accelerates bone healing. Therefore, to investigate the hypothesis that Ln2-P3 increases the bone response to sandblasted, large-grit, acid-etched (SLA) titanium implants, the effect of the Ln2-P3 peptide on the osseointegration of SLA titanium implants was evaluated in vitro and in vivo. Human osteoblast-like cells were cultured on untreated, scrambled peptide (SP)-treated, and Ln2-P3-treated SLA titanium discs, and the cellular responses of these cells were evaluated. The Ln2-P3 treatment augmented osteoblast attachment and spreading, alkaline phosphatase activity, and the expression of osteogenic marker genes. Furthermore, the untreated and Ln2-P3-treated SLA titanium implants were inserted into the tibiae of rabbits for 9 and 11 days. Compared with the untreated implants, the Ln2-P3-treated implants showed a significantly higher bone-to-implant contact ratio at Day 9 after implantation and an increased bone area. The Ln2-P3 treatment of the SLA titanium implant surface augmented osteoblastic activity and accelerated peri-implant bone formation at the bone–implant interface. Overall, these results indicated that compared with the SLA titanium surface alone, the Ln2-P3 peptide-treated SLA titanium surface enhances initial osseointegration, thereby facilitating earlier implant loading.